Motor fuel lubricating and antiknock materials



Patented Nov. 6, 1934 PATENT OFFICE MOTOR FUEL LUBRICATING AND ANTI- KNOCK MATERIALS George F. Buddies, Chicago, In.

No Drawing. Application February 7, 1930,

Serial No. 426,775 r 7 Claims.

The present invention relates to the utilization and composition of lubricating fuel materials, and it particularly relates to liquid compositions composed in whole or part of not readily volatile organic esters. v

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved composition and method of utilization of organic materials in efficient lubrication, particularly in lubricating the interior of 10 gasoline engine cylinders.

No claim is made, however, in this application to the use of colloidal graphite with gasoline or other fluid fuel or the process of utilizing the same, that subject matter being described and 5 claimed in my co-pendin'g application Serial No. 630,156, filed August 23, 1932, which is a divisional application hereof. I

Another object of the present invention is to provide improved compositions and methods of utilization of materials which are designed to remove or decarbonize the carbon or coke deposits in the cylinder of internalcombustion engines. A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of utilization of materials adapted to suppress knocking and to insure faster and more satisfactory ignition of gasoline fuel in the operation of gasoline machines. 4

A stillfurther object is to increase the efiiciency of internal combustion engines.

' Other objects will appear during the course of the following description.

It has been found that the lower and intermediate hydrocarbon esters of dibasic acids are particularly valuable for the decarbonization of carbon or coke deposits in internal combustion engines for efficient lubrication and for increasing the efiiciency of the fuel in the operation of explosive engines. These materials are particularly adapted for the purposes set forth above when they also contain in suspension finely divided -soft particles, usually of a non-metallic nature, such asparticles of graphite and/or in solution or suspension certain oxidation promoters, or catalysts, such as metallicv compounds, of the character of vanadium chloride and platinum chloride. Other compounds of metals in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth groups may also be utilized in certain instances. Preferably should form a permanent solution or suspension. Dibasic ester materials found most satisfactory for the present invention are those which are substantially nonvolatile or only slightly volatile at ordinary temperatures and pressures, which have a boiling point substantially above the boiling point of 'num compounds, vanadium being preferred. As

water, and which are' fairly stable oily liquids. The liquids most satisfactorily utilized are also preferably of the same or greater specific gravity than water.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, monoor di-esters of dicarboxylic acids are utilized, such as oxalic or phthalic. Other organic liquids or esters of high boiling point may also be utilized. For example, mono-alkyl or dialkyl phthalates and/or oxalates may be 5 utilized. Mixtures of dibutyl phthalate,

dibutyl oxalate and/or the ethyl or diethyl esters of these materials have been found to be very satisfactory, and the many advantageous'properties of these compounds may be enhanced when they contain colloidally dispersed graphitic carbon and/or dissolved vanadium and/or plati- ,taining about 75% ethyl or butyl oxalate and 25% butyl phthalate are also very satisfactory. In these compositions may be dissolved (with or without addition of colloidal graphite) small quantities of vanadium and platinum compounds (for example the chlorides). When vanadium and platinum are both utilized, about one atom or part of platinum is used for every 250 atoms or parts of vanadium. The metals are so proportioned so there will be about 5- to 10 grains of the metal compound or compounds to every gallon of gasoline or about 5 to 10 lbs. to every 1000 5 gallons. In introducing the metallic chloride or chlorides in these compositions they may be dissolved in the butyl or ethyl oxalate, and then the resulting mixture may be mixed with the butyl phthalate. Chloral hydrate in smallquantities may be utilized to assist the solution of the metallic chlorides. For example, 1 to 10 mg. of platinum chloride may be dissolved in 1000 c. c. of butyl oxalate and 250 to 2500 mg. of vanadium chloride in the same amount of ,butyl oxalate. The solutions are then combined and. sufficient butyl phthalate is added until it constitutes about 25% of the mixture. 1

In lubrication, in knock suppression andin increasing the efficiency of fuels the material may no be utilized in diluted or undiluted condition. In many cases it may be desirable to dilute the compositions with some similar organic material, such as a hydrocarbon or an ester. It has been found very satisfactory to dilute the esters with hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline or fuel oil, and such mixture may then be directly employed as the fuel mixture. The diethyl or di-. butyl phthalate and/or oxalate composition may also be utilized in other ways. It may be readily introduced into the cylinders of internal combustion engines by addition to the fuel while either in liquid or gaseous condition en route between the fuel reservoir and the cylinder. Mixtures of hydrochloric acid and water vapor in 1 small amounts may also be satisfactorily added tothe fuel mixture preferably while it is in gaseous or vaporized condition. It has been found satisfactory to introduce it into the intake manifold after the gasoline has passed through the carburetor. The composition may also be combined with the liquid fuel in the reservoir or before it is placed in the reservoir. As an example of satisfactory proportioning of the composition to the gasoline or other fuel ,utilized, to which the invention is by no means restricted, one pound of the composition will function very satisfactorily with between 50 and. 150 gallons of the fuel. When introduced into the intake manifold of an internal combustion cylinder, the dialkyl oxalate, the dialkyl phthalate and/or other ester with graphitic carbon in suspension, with vanadium,

It is obvious that many modifications and changes may be made in the proportioning or composition of the materials of the present invention. It is also obviously possible to utilize the composition diluted or undiluted and add it to the fuel for internal combustion engines at various stages before or during the many operations which areperformed thereupon prior to ignition. It'is intended to include all such variations, modifications or changes within the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A composition of the character described, comprising a mixture of gasoline, a dibutyl ester and a vanadium compound.

2. A composition of the character described, 1 comprising a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and dibutyl phthalate and oxalate containing vanadium chloride.

3. A composition of the character described, comprising a mixture of a combustible organic compound with a liquid ester of a dibasic carboxylic acid, graphite and vanadium chloride.

4. A process for retarding knocking in and removing carbon deposits from the cylinders of 100 an internal combustion engine, comprising introducing dibutyl vphthalate into a vaporized stream of fuel to be burned in said engine.

' 5. A process for retarding knocking in and removing carbon deposits from the cylinders'of an internal combustion engine, comprising introducing into the combustion zone of such an engine vanadium chloride and platinum chlo- GEORGE F. BUDDIES. 

